How long is it before a checks funds are requested from my account?

I accidentally overdrew my account. I have 5 business days to put the funds back in before being assessed a fee. (I got my check in the mail today - I just can't cash it until 7pm tonight). Sadly, I wrote a check for $12 yesterday that was deposited yesterday in an after-hours deposit. This is an out of state check for the people it was written to. How long do I have to get the money in the account? The bank lady suggested I put a stop payment on it but that is a $30 fee for a $12 check. The additional fees that would be assessed to me if the check did bounce will be $15 more. Anyone with banking experience know what to do? (that doesn't have an agenda to collect fees from me?)